Full explanation
Fungicides are either contact (acting on the leaf surface — mancozeb, chlorothalonil, copper) or systemic (penetrating the plant — triazoles, strobilurins, SDHIs). Systemics protect new growth for 10–21 days and can cure already-infected tissue. Ukraine's flagship brands are Ridomil Gold (Syngenta), Falcon (Bayer, triazole mix), Amistar (Syngenta, strobilurin), Tilt (Syngenta, propiconazole). Typical field doses are 0.5–1.5 L/ha, costing UAH 350–900/ha on cereals and up to UAH 1,500–2,500/ha on rapeseed and sunflower. Rotating FRAC groups each season is essential to avoid resistance (especially to strobilurins / FRAC 11 for wheat Septoria). Registration in Ukraine's State Register of Pesticides is mandatory, and EU MRLs apply on exports via the DCFTA.