Full explanation
CONTACT products: cheap, fast, low resistance risk (multi-site action). Examples: copper sulfate, mancozeb, sulfur, pyrethroids (Karate), Basagran. Drawbacks: no protection for new growth (requires re-spraying), washed off by rain in 2 h (poor rainfastness), efficacy depends on coverage — 250–400 L/ha water with flat-fan nozzles is needed. A surfactant adjuvant is essential to maximize leaf wetting. SYSTEMIC products: more expensive, slower, higher resistance risk (many act at a single enzyme/receptor). Examples: triazoles (Falcon), strobilurins (Amistar), neonicotinoids (Aktara), sulfonylureas (Granstar), glyphosate. Advantages: protect new growth for 7–21 days, rainfast in 1–4 h, selective action (glyphosate spares RR-soy, though RR is not legal in Ukraine). Tank mixes often pair contact + systemic (Amistar + mancozeb) for robust control and resistance avoidance.