Full explanation
ISO 9001 requires: (1) documented quality policy; (2) risk-based approach (Clause 6.1); (3) internal audits; (4) annual management review. Certification cost in Ukraine: small farms (10–50 staff) UAH 45,000–120,000 over 3 years; medium (50–250) UAH 180,000–320,000 [VERIFY]. Leading bodies: Bureau Veritas Ukraine, SGS Ukraine, TÜV Nord Ukraine, DQS Ukraine. ISO 17025 covers laboratory technical competence: (a) measurement uncertainty; (b) metrological traceability to international standards; (c) proficiency testing scheme (PTS) participation; (d) documented methodology. Critical for: soil labs, seed labs, chemistry labs (pesticide MRL measurement for EU). For EU exports, NAAU-issued certificates are recognised through EA (European Accreditation), ILAC, and IAF memberships. Risk: over 50% of Ukrainian ISO certificates are issued through formal external consulting without real implementation.