Full explanation
In Ukraine, varieties are registered in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution (sops.gov.ua), maintained by the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination. As of 2026, the register holds 5 000+ varieties across all crops. For export potential, critical: a variety not in the EU CPVO register (cpvo.europa.eu) since 2024 (due to CAP decisions on identity-preserved seed) faces seed-export limits. Ukrainian breeding leaders: Myronivka Plant Breeding Institute (MIP — wheat varieties Podolyanka, Darunok Podolia, MIP Yuvileyna, Kokhana), Odesa Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute (wheat Zhytnytsia Odeska, Kuyalnyk), Yuriev Institute of Plant Breeding (Kharkiv). Trade-off: variety is cheaper than hybrid (wheat seed UAH 11–15 000/t vs hybrid); can be re-sown 2–3 years, significantly cheaper for large farms, but by year 4+ productivity drops 10–20% due to genetic segregation and disease carryover.