Full explanation
Treatment combinations by crop: (1) winter wheat — tebuconazole + prochloraz + imidacloprid (smut, Fusarium, grass flies); (2) corn — thiamethoxam + fluxapyroxad + metalaxyl; (3) sunflower — fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiamethoxam; (4) soybean — fludioxonil + metalaxyl + thiamethoxam + Bradyrhizobium rhizobial inoculant. Equipment: industrial treaters Petkus CT, Cimbria Cleaning, Ukrainian PKP KomuMashynobud. Popular products: Lamardor (Bayer), Maxim (Syngenta), Vibrance Star (Syngenta), Real Agrios (BASF), Selest Max (Syngenta), Ukrainian Ukravit, Kvadrat. April 2026 [VERIFY]: full wheat treatment program UAH 450–950/t seed, corn UAH 180–380 per seed unit. Trade-off: treatment raises seed cost 10–25%, but: prevents total crop loss from smut diseases, guarantees early vigor, reduces need for early fungicide sprays.