Full explanation
Main Ukrainian targets: potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis — quarantine pathogen), root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), and stem nematode of garlic and onion (Ditylenchus dipsaci). Losses reach 10–40% of potato and vegetable yields on infested plots [VERIFY]. Leading products (April 2026): Velum Prime 400 SC (fluopyram, Bayer) — UAH 3,200–4,500/L [VERIFY]; Vertimec 018 EC (abamectin, Syngenta) — UAH 1,800–2,400/L. Biologicals include nematophagous fungi (Arthrobotrys, Purpureocillium) and BioNem-WP (Bacillus firmus). Regulatory anchors: Ukraine's Plant Quarantine Law, EU Reg 1107/2009, MRLs under Reg 396/2005. Trade-off: chemical nematicides are expensive (UAH 800–1,500/ha) and toxic (PHI 60–90 days), so farmers combine crop rotation, resistant cultivars, soil solarisation, and spot-treat only hotspots.