Full explanation
Key EU regulations for agri machinery and equipment: (1) Machinery Regulation 2023/1230 (replaces MD 2006/42/EC from 20.01.2027); (2) EMC Directive 2014/30/EU; (3) RoHS 2011/65/EU (lead/cadmium restrictions); (4) Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU; (5) LVD 2014/35/EU (low-voltage equipment). Process: (a) risk classification; (b) Technical File (design docs, test reports, EN ISO 12100 risk assessment); (c) EU Declaration of Conformity; (d) CE mark on the product. Cost for Ukrainian makers of sprayers, mowers, and rotary cutters: €8,000–35,000 (self-declaration) or €25,000–120,000 with a Notified Body (TÜV, DEKRA, Bureau Veritas) [VERIFY]. Timeline: 6–18 months. Leading Ukrainian CE-marked manufacturers: Lozova Machines, KUHN-Ukraine, Millenium (sprayers), Halychyna Agro. Penalty for unauthorised CE use in the EU: up to €500,000.