Full explanation
Post-emergence herbicides are either contact (killing only plant parts they hit — e.g. Basagran) or systemic (translocating through the plant — glyphosate, 2,4-D, MCPA). Key products in Ukraine: Axial (pinoxaden, Syngenta — grass weeds on cereals), Granstar (tribenuron-methyl, Corteva — broadleaves on cereals), Hector (nicosulfuron, Corteva — grasses in maize), Euro-Lightning (imazamox + imazapyr — Clearfield sunflower), Express (tribenuron-methyl — Express Sun sunflower). Treatment cost UAH 400–1,200/ha. Critical conditions: weed stage (3–6 true leaves max), temperature 10–25°C, air humidity >50%, no rain for 4–6 hours after. Crop-injury risk is significantly higher than pre-emergence, especially under drought or frost stress. Pre-harvest interval (PHI) compliance is mandatory.