Full explanation
Plant density is a key agronomic parameter determining competition between plants for light, water, and nutrients. For winter wheat, the standard is 4.0–5.5 million viable seeds/ha (region-dependent); maize runs 70–90,000 plants/ha in Polissia, 60–80,000 in the Forest-Steppe, and 40–60,000 in the Steppe; sunflower runs 40–70,000 plants/ha (lower in dry regions). Too-high density creates competition and cuts thousand-seed weight; too-low density underutilizes the field's potential.