Full explanation
Two types under the law: (1) Warehouse Receipt — registered, non-negotiable, only transferable via cession; (2) Double Warehouse Receipt — in two parts: pledge (security) and storage (title-transfer), transferable separately — farmers use the pledge half for bank collateral and sell the storage half. Certified elevator requirements: (1) registration with SFSS with annual inspection; (2) minimum 5,000 t capacity; (3) lab compliant with DSTU 4117:2007; (4) civil-liability insurance ≥UAH 10M; (5) integration with the State Register of Warehouse Receipts. Leading certified operators: Nibulon (30+ regional sites), Kernel (28 elevators), ADM, Cargill, Louis Dreyfus, SFGCU. Storage cost April 2026: UAH 120–280/t/month + UAH 40–80/t one-time intake + UAH 35–65/t drying per 1% moisture + UAH 25–40/t cleaning. eWarehouse (the electronic system via Diia) is rolling out from 2025.