Full explanation
Grain damage types: (1) mechanical — breakage, cracks, test-weight loss; (2) biological — weevil, moth, mite, or mould damage; (3) thermal — over-drying >60°C; (4) contamination — trash, other grains, weed seeds. DSTU 3768:2018 wheat classes: 1st (protein ≥14%, gluten ≥28%, test weight 760+ g/L), 2nd (≥12.5%, ≥23%, 730+), 3rd (≥11%, ≥18%, 710+), 4th (≥10%, ≥15%, 690+), 5th (≥9%, ≥12%, 670+), 6th (feed). April 2026 price spreads: class 1 UAH 9,100/t, 2 UAH 8,300, 3 UAH 7,900, 4 UAH 7,500, 5 UAH 7,000, 6 UAH 6,200. Quality-loss factors at harvest: high moisture, worn threshing elements, over-aggressive combine settings, drying >55–60°C. Elevator QC: DSTU 4117:2007 sampling. Disputes over grade — right to re-test at an independent accredited lab.