Full explanation
Main molecules: DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, BASF — ENTEC), DCD (dicyandiamide, cheaper alternative), nitrapyrin (Corteva N-Serve, for anhydrous ammonia and UAN). DMPP-chemistry dominates Ukraine because of compatibility with AN and urea. Mechanism: the inhibitor blocks the active site of ammonia monooxygenase in Nitrosomonas, preventing the first step of nitrification (NH₄⁺ → NO₂⁻). Duration of action 4–10 weeks depending on soil temperature and moisture. Effectiveness maximal on cold moist soils (spring, autumn), minimal on hot dry ones (summer). Synergy with urease inhibitors (NBPT): combined products SuperU, Limus Perform offer full-stack protection — against NH₃ volatilization and NO₃⁻ leaching. Trade-off: payback depends on soil type — mandatory on Polissia sandy soils; debatable on Steppe chernozems without intensive leaching.