Full explanation
DRIP: delivers water at 1–4 L/h via emitters under each plant's root zone through plastic mains. Advantages: 85–95% efficiency, fertigation capability, precise dosing, flexibility for irregular field shapes, low erosion risk. Disadvantages: clogging with hard/silty water (120–200 mesh filtration mandatory), tape cost (UAH 300–800/ha per season, single-use), labour. CENTRE PIVOT: a high-efficiency sprinkler rotates around a central pivot with a 200–600 m radius, covering 30–100 ha per rotation. Advantages: scalability, decades of system life, automation (GPS-controlled). Disadvantages: fixed circular footprint, 75–85% efficiency, high upfront cost (USD 30–50k per 40 ha). Since the post-Kakhovka 2023 irrigation crisis, both methods have seen revival. Leading suppliers: Netafim (drip), Valmont Valley, Reinke, Zimmatic (pivot).