Full explanation
Different ligands work under different conditions: EDTA stable at pH 4–7 (foliar feeding); DTPA at pH 6–7.5 (foliar + soil on chernozems); EDDHA at pH 3–11 (widest range, critical for Fe on Steppe carbonate chernozems at pH 7.5–8.5). Main products: Microemulsion (Arysta), Brexil (Valagro), Librel (BASF), Ukrainian brands Nanovit, Avatar, Yara Vita. April 2026 price: UAH 180–800/L depending on concentration and ligand [VERIFY]. Rates: foliar 0.5–2 L/ha at critical stages (3–5 leaf, pre-flowering), Fe chlorosis correction on carbonate soils — EDDHA-Fe 1.5–3 kg/ha soil-applied. Trade-off: 3–5× more expensive than sulfate forms, but mandatory on carbonate chernozems — at pH 7.5+ sulfate-Fe becomes insoluble within 24 hours. On acid soils (Polissia, Carpathian) sulfates remain effective.