Full explanation
How it works: a standard 650/65R38 tire for a 180 HP tractor requires 1.6 bar for field work; the IF version 1.3 bar, the VF version 1.0 bar. Lower pressure = larger contact patch (+20–30%) = lower ground pressure and less compaction of the plough horizon. Agronomic effect documented (NAAS Institute of Agriculture, 2022): compaction reduction 18–24% → +6–10% sunflower yield on chernozems with prior intensive cultivation [VERIFY]. Manufacturers: Michelin (Axiobib, CerexBib), Continental (Tractor Master VF), Trelleborg (TM1000 ProgressiveTraction), Firestone (VF Performer), Mitas (VF HC3000). VF set price for a 180 HP tractor €2 800–4 800/tire vs €1 800–2 600 standard [VERIFY], premium 35–55%. Payback: 2–4 seasons on compaction-sensitive crops. Budget alternative: CTIS (central tire inflation system) on standard tires — on-the-go pressure change, €4 500–8 000 per system, longer ROI. Source: machinery-kb.ts `tire_technology` enum + NAAS.