Full explanation
Calculation: DMI (kg/day) = mass of fresh feed × (1 − moisture). For TMR with 50% moisture, 25 kg DMI requires delivering 50 kg of fresh mix. Phase targets: (1) Fresh 0–60 DIM — 18–22 kg DM; (2) Peak 60–150 DIM — 24–27 kg DM; (3) Mid-lactation 150–280 DIM — 22–25 kg DM; (4) Late lactation + dry period — 12–18 kg DM; (5) Transition 21 days pre-calving — 10–14 kg DM. DMI-reducing factors: (1) heat stress with THI >72 cuts DMI 1–3 kg; (2) poor forage quality; (3) subclinical acidosis (grain overload); (4) hoof problems; (5) overcrowding >115%. Monitoring: daily orts at the feed bunk should be 3–5% of delivered feed.