Weed · barley · maize · pea · sugar beet · wheat

Charlock

Sinapis arvensis LinnaeusEPPO code SINAR

Ukrainian: гірчиця польова · European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
English: charlock · European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization

How to recognise it

Plant: It has broad leaves and an intensive growth rate.
Seed and fruit: The seeds are spherical.
Heterocarpy (production of fruits of different types) has been established.

Yield loss: If the weed gets into succulent feed, animals can be poisoned, and their productivity and the quality of livestock products can fall.
The weed is genetically close to cabbage, oilseed rape and radish, so it impairs the varietal qualities of their seed.

Emergence: A mid-early spring species: the seeds start to germinate at temperatures above 4–5 °C.
Seed in the soil: Spring weeds come out of dormancy in the spring of the following year, but the seeds of this species can be an exception.
Freshly ripened seeds come out of dormancy quickly: they soon finish ripening and germinate shortly afterwards.
In the field's potential weed infestation (the stock of weed seeds in the soil), seeds of this species are represented to a lesser extent than seeds of fat hen, common amaranth and millet-type grass weeds.
Favourable conditions: In cool, rainy weather from late spring to early summer, crops suffer from this weed. In dry, hot weather it loses out in competition, and under such conditions it was heavily attacked by crucifer flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.).
A cold-hardy, moisture-loving weed. When there is a lot of precipitation and not enough warmth at the start of the growing season, it becomes more competitive than most crops, although under normal conditions they are relatively resistant to it.
Where it is found: A dicotyledonous weed that is widespread in maize crops in Polissia.

Every fact rests on a quote from its source, and each quote was checked against the page it is printed on.

EPPO Global Database · European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Приказ № 15-02/584 от 29.06.2015, приложение 1 (пороги вредоносности), казахский текст · Министерство сельского хозяйства Республики Казахстан
Прогноз фітосанітарного стану агроценозів України та рекомендації щодо захисту рослин у 2025 році · Держпродспоживслужба, НААН, НАН · p. 243
Фітосанітарний прогноз Вінницької області на 2025 рік · ГУ Держпродспоживслужби у Вінницькій області
Зуза В. С., «Гербологія», монографія, 468 с. · Харківський державний біотехнологічний університет; Харків: Стиль-Издат, 2022 · p. 17, 50, 53, 58, 61, 62, 69, 86, 98, 101
Photos: No machine-readable author provided. TeunSpaans assumed (based on copyright claims)., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.5

Biology and where it is

Emergence: A mid-early spring species: the seeds start to germinate at temperatures above 4–5 °C.
Seed in the soil: Spring weeds come out of dormancy in the spring of the following year, but the seeds of this species can be an exception.
Freshly ripened seeds come out of dormancy quickly: they soon finish ripening and germinate shortly afterwards.
In the field's potential weed infestation (the stock of weed seeds in the soil), seeds of this species are represented to a lesser extent than seeds of fat hen, common amaranth and millet-type grass weeds.
Favourable conditions: In cool, rainy weather from late spring to early summer, crops suffer from this weed. In dry, hot weather it loses out in competition, and under such conditions it was heavily attacked by crucifer flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.).
A cold-hardy, moisture-loving weed. When there is a lot of precipitation and not enough warmth at the start of the growing season, it becomes more competitive than most crops, although under normal conditions they are relatively resistant to it.
Where it is found: A dicotyledonous weed that is widespread in maize crops in Polissia.