Full explanation
Typical wheat cost structure in the Central Forest-Steppe (Vinnytsia, Khmelnytskyi) 2025/26: fertilizer UAH 8,500–11,000/ha (30%), crop protection 5,500–7,500/ha (20%), seed 3,500–4,500/ha (12%), fuel 3,000–4,000/ha (11%), land rent 4,500–6,000/ha (18%), labour + mechanized work 2,000–3,500/ha (9%). Sunflower has a similar structure with higher crop protection (+30%) and lower fertilizer. Maize runs +20% due to seed and drying costs. Soybean −15% due to no-N requirement. Calculator tools: NAAS (naas.gov.ua), Agro-Server, AgriAnalytica. The critical operational figure is Break-Even Yield = cost ÷ price. At UAH 8,300/t for class-2 wheat (April 2026) and UAH 32,000/ha cost, BEY = 3.85 t/ha. Southern oblasts (Odesa, Mykolaiv, Kherson) run +10–15% costs due to land rent and port logistics.